Confronto

Humanin vs. LL-37

Due peptidi a confronto — identità, base di evidenze, stato legale ed eventi avversi noti.

Identità

Categoria

Ricerca (altro)

N. CAS

330936-69-1

597562-32-8

Peso molecolare

2687.27 g/mol

4493.33 g/mol

Emivita

nessun dato

Sequenza

Met-Ala-Pro-Arg-Gly-Phe-Ser-Cys-Leu-Leu-Leu-Leu-Thr-Ser-Glu-Ile-Asp-Leu-Pro-Val-Lys-Arg-Arg-Ala

LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES

Meccanismo d'azione

Humanin

Humanin arises from a short open reading frame within the 16S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome (MT-RNR2) — it is therefore not encoded by nuclear DNA. Mechanistically, preclinical work describes a cytoprotective, anti-apoptotic effect via multiple pathways: an extracellular interaction with a trimeric receptor complex of gp130, CNTFR and WSX-1 with downstream activation of JAK2/STAT3 signalling, as well as intracellular interactions including inhibition of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX (and of tBID), binding to IGFBP-3 with modulation of the IGF-1 axis, and interaction with FPRL1/FPRL2 receptors. These models derive predominantly from cell culture and rodents; the extent to which they reflect human physiology after administration of exogenous synthetic humanin is not established by controlled human trials.

LL-37

LL-37 is a cationic, amphipathic helical peptide and the only member of the cathelicidin family in humans. It is generated by proteolytic cleavage from the C-terminal portion of the precursor protein hCAP18 (CAP-18). Mechanistically it associates with and can permeabilize microbial membranes; in addition it modulates immune cells, influences cytokine release, exerts chemotactic activity, and can bind extracellular self-DNA. Preclinical models have described both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects, depending on concentration and tissue context.

Base di evidenze

Evidenza più alta

Studio sull'uomo

Studi

di cui sull'uomo

Effetti registrati

Contraddizioni aperte

Eventi avversi documentati

Stato legale

Country	Humanin	LL-37
Germania	Non approvato	Solo ricerca
Stati Uniti	Solo ricerca	Solo ricerca

Voci complete

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between Humanin and LL-37?: Humanin is classified as "Ricerca (altro)", while LL-37 is classified as "Ricerca (altro)". Humanin: Humanin is a 24-amino-acid mitochondrial-encoded peptide (mitochondrial-derived peptide, MDP) whose open reading frame lies within the 16S rRNA region (gene MT-RNR2) of mitochondrial DNA. It is considered the founding member of the MDP family and was discovered in 2001 by the Hashimoto/Nishimoto group while searching for neuroprotective factors in the brain of an Alzheimer's patient. In basic research (including the laboratory of Pinchas Cohen) humanin is described as a cytoprotective, anti-apoptotic peptide and is studied in the contexts of Alzheimer's/neuroprotection, metabolism/insulin action and aging. The evidence comes almost entirely from cell and animal models and from observations of endogenous levels in humans; controlled human trials of exogenous humanin as a therapeutic are lacking. It is not approved as a medicine anywhere and is traded on the grey market as a research chemical. LL-37: LL-37 is the only known human cathelicidin, a 37-amino-acid antimicrobial peptide generated by cleavage of the precursor protein hCAP18. In research it plays a central role in innate immune defence and wound healing, yet acts in a context-dependent manner as both anti- and pro-inflammatory and has been linked to autoimmune processes. LL-37 is not an approved drug; the evidence base is predominantly basic and preclinical. This page contrasts both neutrally and source-based — with no usage or dosing recommendation.
Which peptide is better supported by science, Humanin or LL-37?: The highest available evidence level is "Studio sull'uomo" for Humanin and "Studio sull'uomo" for LL-37. A higher evidence level means more robust data, but says nothing about suitability for an individual. The full body of evidence is on each peptide's own page.
What is the legal status of Humanin and LL-37 in Germany and the United States?: Germania: Humanin — Non approvato, LL-37 — Solo ricerca. Stati Uniti: Humanin — Solo ricerca, LL-37 — Solo ricerca. These are factual summaries with source and review date on the individual pages.

Country

Humanin

LL-37

Germania

Non approvato

Solo ricerca

Stati Uniti

Solo ricerca

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between Humanin and LL-37?

Humanin is classified as "Ricerca (altro)", while LL-37 is classified as "Ricerca (altro)". Humanin: Humanin is a 24-amino-acid mitochondrial-encoded peptide (mitochondrial-derived peptide, MDP) whose open reading frame lies within the 16S rRNA region (gene MT-RNR2) of mitochondrial DNA. It is considered the founding member of the MDP family and was discovered in 2001 by the Hashimoto/Nishimoto group while searching for neuroprotective factors in the brain of an Alzheimer's patient. In basic research (including the laboratory of Pinchas Cohen) humanin is described as a cytoprotective, anti-apoptotic peptide and is studied in the contexts of Alzheimer's/neuroprotection, metabolism/insulin action and aging. The evidence comes almost entirely from cell and animal models and from observations of endogenous levels in humans; controlled human trials of exogenous humanin as a therapeutic are lacking. It is not approved as a medicine anywhere and is traded on the grey market as a research chemical. LL-37: LL-37 is the only known human cathelicidin, a 37-amino-acid antimicrobial peptide generated by cleavage of the precursor protein hCAP18. In research it plays a central role in innate immune defence and wound healing, yet acts in a context-dependent manner as both anti- and pro-inflammatory and has been linked to autoimmune processes. LL-37 is not an approved drug; the evidence base is predominantly basic and preclinical. This page contrasts both neutrally and source-based — with no usage or dosing recommendation.

Which peptide is better supported by science, Humanin or LL-37?

The highest available evidence level is "Studio sull'uomo" for Humanin and "Studio sull'uomo" for LL-37. A higher evidence level means more robust data, but says nothing about suitability for an individual. The full body of evidence is on each peptide's own page.

What is the legal status of Humanin and LL-37 in Germany and the United States?

Germania: Humanin — Non approvato, LL-37 — Solo ricerca. Stati Uniti: Humanin — Solo ricerca, LL-37 — Solo ricerca. These are factual summaries with source and review date on the individual pages.