Cardiovascular risk
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) — cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke. Large trials such as SELECT investigate MACE as a primary endpoint in obesity or diabetes populations.
Peptides on this topic
7 пептидов с исследованиями по этой темеSalmon calcitonin is a synthetically produced 32-amino-acid peptide hormone that corresponds to the body's own calcitonin but exhibits higher biological potency than the human hormone. In the scientific literature it is studied in the context of inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and lowering elevated calcium levels. It was historically broadly approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis; following European safety reviews, however, its use was restricted.
- Исследование на людяхReduction of bone-turnover markers and clinical efficacy in Paget's disease of bone, including lowering of elevated alkaline phosphatase levels.
GLP-1 receptor agonist designed as a fusion protein of two modified GLP-1(7-37) sequences covalently linked to a human IgG4-Fc fragment. FDA-approved 2014 (Trulicity) for type 2 diabetes; EMA approval 2014.
- РКИ на людяхHbA1c reduction versus placebo, sitagliptin, exenatide and insulin glargine documented in the AWARD trial series
Elamipretide (SS-31, MTP-131, formerly Bendavia) is a synthetic, mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide (sequence D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) that binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane and is proposed to stabilise cristae structure and support mitochondrial bioenergetics. It was investigated clinically by Stealth BioTherapeutics across several indications, including primary mitochondrial myopathy, Barth syndrome, heart failure, and dry age-related macular degeneration (geographic atrophy). The trial record is mixed, with several pivotal studies missing their primary endpoints. In September 2025 elamipretide (brand name Forzinity) received accelerated FDA approval in the United States solely for the ultra-rare Barth syndrome; for all other investigated indications it remains investigational and it is not approved as a medicine outside the United States.
- In vitroBinding to cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane with stabilisation of cristae structure and supported bioenergetics
Synthetic hexapeptide of the growth-hormone secretagogue (GHRP) family. In the 1990s investigated as an acromegaly diagnostic and for GH deficiency. Not an approved medicine.
- Исследование на людяхAcute rise of serum GH and IGF-1 after single dose observed in healthy volunteers and GH-deficient patients
GLP-1 receptor agonist with a half-life of about 13 hours. The first daily (not weekly) modern GLP-1 RA — approved as Victoza for type 2 diabetes (2010) and Saxenda for obesity (2014).
- РКИ на людяхReduction in cardiovascular events (MACE) in type-2-diabetes patients at high CV risk over 3.8 years
Long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist. Approved as a medicinal product for type-2 diabetes (Ozempic, Rybelsus), chronic weight management (Wegovy) and cardiovascular risk in obesity. One of the best-studied substances on this platform — many large human RCTs.
- РКИ на людяхReduction of HbA1c in type-2 diabetes
- РКИ на людяхWeight reduction in overweight and obesity
Synthetic peptide that simultaneously activates the GLP-1 and GIP receptor (dual agonist). Approved in the US and EU for type 2 diabetes (Mounjaro) and obesity (Zepbound).
- РКИ на людяхReduction in HbA1c versus placebo and versus semaglutide observed in randomised trials