Cardiovascular risk
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) — cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke. Large trials such as SELECT investigate MACE as a primary endpoint in obesity or diabetes populations.
Peptides on this topic
5 peptides researched for this topicGLP-1 receptor agonist designed as a fusion protein of two modified GLP-1(7-37) sequences covalently linked to a human IgG4-Fc fragment. FDA-approved 2014 (Trulicity) for type 2 diabetes; EMA approval 2014.
- Human RCTHbA1c reduction versus placebo, sitagliptin, exenatide and insulin glargine documented in the AWARD trial series
Synthetic hexapeptide of the growth-hormone secretagogue (GHRP) family. In the 1990s investigated as an acromegaly diagnostic and for GH deficiency. Not an approved medicine.
- Human trialAcute rise of serum GH and IGF-1 after single dose observed in healthy volunteers and GH-deficient patients
GLP-1 receptor agonist with a half-life of about 13 hours. The first daily (not weekly) modern GLP-1 RA — approved as Victoza for type 2 diabetes (2010) and Saxenda for obesity (2014).
- Human RCTReduction in cardiovascular events (MACE) in type-2-diabetes patients at high CV risk over 3.8 years
Long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist. Approved as a medicinal product for type-2 diabetes (Ozempic, Rybelsus), chronic weight management (Wegovy) and cardiovascular risk in obesity. One of the best-studied substances on this platform — many large human RCTs.
- Human RCTReduction of HbA1c in type-2 diabetes
- Human RCTWeight reduction in overweight and obesity
Synthetic peptide that simultaneously activates the GLP-1 and GIP receptor (dual agonist). Approved in the US and EU for type 2 diabetes (Mounjaro) and obesity (Zepbound).
- Human RCTReduction in HbA1c versus placebo and versus semaglutide observed in randomised trials