Comparison
Dulaglutide vs. FOXO4-DRI
Two peptides side-by-side — identity, evidence base, legal status and known adverse events.
Identity
Category
Metabolic
Research other
CAS no.
923950-08-7
2074706-72-8
Molecular weight
59670 g/mol
3735 g/mol
Half-life
110 h
0.5 h
Sequence
GLP-1(7-37)-Variante kovalent verbunden mit modifiziertem humanen IgG4-FcD-Retro-Inverso-Variante eines FOXO4-Peptid-Fragments (LTLRKEPASEIAQSILEAYSQNGWANRRSGGKR — D-Aminosäuren in umgekehrter Sequenz)Mechanism of action
Dulaglutide
Dulaglutide consists of two modified GLP-1(7-37) sequences covalently linked to a human IgG4-Fc. The Fc fusion increases molecular weight substantially (~60 kDa), reduces renal filtration and extends the half-life to several days. GLP-1 receptor activation glucose-dependently stimulates insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon, delays gastric emptying and modulates central satiety signalling.
FOXO4-DRI
FOXO4-DRI is the D-retro-inverso variant of a peptide fragment of the FOXO4 transcription factor. In senescent cells, FOXO4 is bound to p53, which suppresses p53-mediated apoptosis — the cells survive in a secreting 'zombie-like' state (senescence-associated secretory phenotype, SASP). The DRI peptide disrupts this FOXO4-p53 binding, freeing p53, and the senescent cell initiates apoptosis. Healthy cells are largely unaffected because p53 is not held back by FOXO4 in them. This selectivity was the central finding of the original 2017 publication.
Evidence base
Highest evidence
Human RCT
Animal model
Studies
5
3
of which in humans
5
0
Effects recorded
3
3
Open conflicts
0
1
Documented adverse events
2
1