Comparison
GHK-Cu vs. Bremelanotide
Two peptides side-by-side — identity, evidence base, legal status and known adverse events.
Identity
Category
Cosmetic
Research other
CAS no.
49557-75-7
189691-06-3
Molecular weight
340.4 g/mol
1025.18 g/mol
Half-life
no data
2.7 h
Sequence
GHKAc-Nle-c[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-OHMechanism of action
GHK-Cu
Endogenous tripeptide (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) that chelates copper(II) ions. In skin-cell models and skin biopsies an influence on collagen synthesis, antioxidant markers, gene-expression profiles and wound-healing processes has been described. In topical use in cosmetic studies, changes in various skin parameters have been reported.
Bremelanotide
Bremelanotide is a cyclic peptide that binds non-selectively to melanocortin receptors (MC1R through MC5R) — with highest affinity at MC4R in the central nervous system. The precise role of MC4R activation in sexual behaviour is not fully understood; animal data show effects on hypothalamic circuits. Peripheral effects (blood pressure, hyperpigmentation) are attributed to MC1R/MC2R.
Evidence base
Highest evidence
Human trial
Human RCT
Studies
3
5
of which in humans
1
5
Effects recorded
4
3
Open conflicts
1
0
Documented adverse events
2
2