Comparison
Lixisenatide vs. Melanotan II
Two peptides side-by-side — identity, evidence base, legal status and known adverse events.
Identity
Category
Metabolic
Research other
CAS no.
320367-13-3
121062-08-6
Molecular weight
4858.5 g/mol
1024.18 g/mol
Half-life
3 h
1 h
Sequence
HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPSKKKKKK-NH2Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2Mechanism of action
Lixisenatide
Lixisenatide is a 44-amino-acid peptide based on exendin-4 (see exenatide) with six additional lysine residues at the C-terminus. This modification increases stability against DPP-4 degradation. The short half-life (~3 hours) and plasma peak around mealtime explain the predominantly prandial effect — stronger postprandial glucose action, weaker fasting glucose effect than weekly GLP-1 RAs.
Melanotan II
Melanotan II binds non-selectively to all five melanocortin-receptor subtypes (MC1R-MC5R). Via MC1R in melanocytes, eumelanin synthesis is stimulated (pigmenting effect). Via MC4R and MC3R in the CNS, appetite, sexual function and blood pressure are modulated. The cyclic structure and D-amino acids increase stability compared to natural α-MSH.
Evidence base
Highest evidence
Human RCT
Human trial
Studies
5
5
of which in humans
5
5
Effects recorded
3
4
Open conflicts
1
0
Documented adverse events
1
3