Comparison
Exenatide vs. Tirzepatide
Two peptides side-by-side — identity, evidence base, legal status and known adverse events.
Identity
Category
Metabolic
Metabolic
CAS no.
141758-74-9
2023788-19-2
Molecular weight
4186.6 g/mol
4813 g/mol
Half-life
2.4 h
116 h
Sequence
HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPSYXEGTFTSDYSIYLDKIAQKAFVQWLIAGGPSSGAPPPSMechanism of action
Exenatide
Exenatide is a 39-amino-acid peptide with about 53% sequence homology to human GLP-1. A glycine substitution at position 2 prevents dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV cleavage and extends the half-life from native GLP-1 (minutes) to about 2.4 hours. GLP-1 receptor activation glucose-dependently stimulates insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon and delays gastric emptying.
Tirzepatide
Tirzepatide is a 39-amino-acid peptide acting as a dual agonist at the GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) receptors. Activation of both incretin receptors via G-protein-coupled signalling raises insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, lowers glucagon secretion and delays gastric emptying. Centrally, satiety perception is modulated. A fatty-acid side chain binds to serum albumin and extends the half-life to about five days.
Evidence base
Highest evidence
Human RCT
Human RCT
Studies
5
3
of which in humans
4
3
Effects recorded
3
4
Open conflicts
1
0
Documented adverse events
2
2