Comparison
FOXO4-DRI vs. Goserelin
Two peptides side-by-side — identity, evidence base, legal status and known adverse events.
Identity
Category
Research other
Research other
CAS no.
2074706-72-8
65807-02-5
Molecular weight
3735 g/mol
1269.43 g/mol
Half-life
0.5 h
4.2 h
Sequence
D-Retro-Inverso-Variante eines FOXO4-Peptid-Fragments (LTLRKEPASEIAQSILEAYSQNGWANRRSGGKR — D-Aminosäuren in umgekehrter Sequenz)pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Ser(tBu)-Leu-Arg-Pro-Azgly-NH2Mechanism of action
FOXO4-DRI
FOXO4-DRI is the D-retro-inverso variant of a peptide fragment of the FOXO4 transcription factor. In senescent cells, FOXO4 is bound to p53, which suppresses p53-mediated apoptosis — the cells survive in a secreting 'zombie-like' state (senescence-associated secretory phenotype, SASP). The DRI peptide disrupts this FOXO4-p53 binding, freeing p53, and the senescent cell initiates apoptosis. Healthy cells are largely unaffected because p53 is not held back by FOXO4 in them. This selectivity was the central finding of the original 2017 publication.
Goserelin
As a GnRH agonist, goserelin binds to the GnRH receptors of the pituitary gland. Initial stimulation transiently raises luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). With continuous receptor occupancy, however, the receptors become desensitized and down-regulated, which reduces LH and FSH secretion and consequently the production of testosterone or estrogen. This mechanistic relationship is documented in the pharmacological literature.
Evidence base
Highest evidence
Animal model
Human RCT
Studies
3
4
of which in humans
0
4
Effects recorded
3
3
Open conflicts
1
1
Documented adverse events
1
2
Legal status
Full entries
Frequently asked questions
- What is the difference between FOXO4-DRI and Goserelin?
- FOXO4-DRI is classified as "Research other", while Goserelin is classified as "Research other". FOXO4-DRI: Synthetic peptide with D-Retro-Inverso structure (all amino acids as D-form, sequence reversed), developed in 2017 as an experimental senolytic candidate. Goal: selective apoptosis of senescent cells via disruption of the FOXO4-p53 interaction. So far evaluated exclusively preclinically. Goserelin: Goserelin is a synthetic decapeptide and an agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). The medical literature describes it as a hormonal agent that suppresses the release of sex hormones through sustained receptor stimulation. Regulatory-approved indications include prostate cancer, advanced breast cancer, endometriosis, and endometrial thinning, among others. This page contrasts both neutrally and source-based — with no usage or dosing recommendation.
- Which peptide is better supported by science, FOXO4-DRI or Goserelin?
- The highest available evidence level is "Animal model" for FOXO4-DRI and "Human RCT" for Goserelin. A higher evidence level means more robust data, but says nothing about suitability for an individual. The full body of evidence is on each peptide's own page.
- What is the legal status of FOXO4-DRI and Goserelin in Germany and the United States?
- Germany: FOXO4-DRI — Research only, Goserelin — Prescription. United States: FOXO4-DRI — Research only, Goserelin — Prescription. These are factual summaries with source and review date on the individual pages.