Comparison
FOXO4-DRI vs. Linaclotid
Two peptides side-by-side — identity, evidence base, legal status and known adverse events.
Identity
Category
Research other
Research other
CAS no.
2074706-72-8
851199-59-2
Molecular weight
3735 g/mol
1526.74 g/mol
Half-life
0.5 h
no data
Sequence
D-Retro-Inverso-Variante eines FOXO4-Peptid-Fragments (LTLRKEPASEIAQSILEAYSQNGWANRRSGGKR — D-Aminosäuren in umgekehrter Sequenz)no data
Mechanism of action
FOXO4-DRI
FOXO4-DRI is the D-retro-inverso variant of a peptide fragment of the FOXO4 transcription factor. In senescent cells, FOXO4 is bound to p53, which suppresses p53-mediated apoptosis — the cells survive in a secreting 'zombie-like' state (senescence-associated secretory phenotype, SASP). The DRI peptide disrupts this FOXO4-p53 binding, freeing p53, and the senescent cell initiates apoptosis. Healthy cells are largely unaffected because p53 is not held back by FOXO4 in them. This selectivity was the central finding of the original 2017 publication.
Linaclotid
Linaclotide activates the guanylate cyclase-C receptor on the luminal surface of the intestinal epithelium. This raises cyclic GMP (cGMP), increases secretion of chloride and bicarbonate into the lumen, raises stool fluid content and accelerates transit; pain signaling is also modulated.
Evidence base
Highest evidence
Animal model
Human RCT
Studies
3
0
of which in humans
0
0
Effects recorded
3
2
Open conflicts
1
0
Documented adverse events
1
1
Legal status
Full entries
Frequently asked questions
- What is the difference between FOXO4-DRI and Linaclotid?
- FOXO4-DRI is classified as "Research other", while Linaclotid is classified as "Research other". FOXO4-DRI: Synthetic peptide with D-Retro-Inverso structure (all amino acids as D-form, sequence reversed), developed in 2017 as an experimental senolytic candidate. Goal: selective apoptosis of senescent cells via disruption of the FOXO4-p53 interaction. So far evaluated exclusively preclinically. Linaclotid: Linaclotide is a 14-amino-acid peptide and guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) agonist. It is approved for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC). This page contrasts both neutrally and source-based — with no usage or dosing recommendation.
- Which peptide is better supported by science, FOXO4-DRI or Linaclotid?
- The highest available evidence level is "Animal model" for FOXO4-DRI and "Human RCT" for Linaclotid. A higher evidence level means more robust data, but says nothing about suitability for an individual. The full body of evidence is on each peptide's own page.
- What is the legal status of FOXO4-DRI and Linaclotid in Germany and the United States?
- Germany: FOXO4-DRI — Research only, Linaclotid — Prescription. United States: FOXO4-DRI — Research only, Linaclotid — Prescription. These are factual summaries with source and review date on the individual pages.