Comparison
Leuprorelin vs. LL-37
Two peptides side-by-side — identity, evidence base, legal status and known adverse events.
Identity
Category
Research other
Research other
CAS no.
53714-56-0
597562-32-8
Molecular weight
1209.4 g/mol
4493.33 g/mol
Half-life
3 h
no data
Sequence
Pyr-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Leu-Leu-Arg-Pro-NHEtLLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTESMechanism of action
Leuprorelin
Leuprorelin is a GnRH-receptor agonist. After binding to pituitary GnRH receptors, it first causes a transient surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release — the so-called flare. With continuous, non-pulsatile exposure the receptors are downregulated and desensitized, suppressing gonadotropin secretion and consequently lowering sex steroids (testosterone or estradiol) to low levels. This mechanism underlies the literature-described use in hormone-dependent conditions.
LL-37
LL-37 is a cationic, amphipathic helical peptide and the only member of the cathelicidin family in humans. It is generated by proteolytic cleavage from the C-terminal portion of the precursor protein hCAP18 (CAP-18). Mechanistically it associates with and can permeabilize microbial membranes; in addition it modulates immune cells, influences cytokine release, exerts chemotactic activity, and can bind extracellular self-DNA. Preclinical models have described both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects, depending on concentration and tissue context.
Evidence base
Highest evidence
Human RCT
Human trial
Studies
4
4
of which in humans
4
1
Effects recorded
4
4
Open conflicts
1
1
Documented adverse events
3
0
Legal status
Full entries
Frequently asked questions
- What is the difference between Leuprorelin and LL-37?
- Leuprorelin is classified as "Research other", while LL-37 is classified as "Research other". Leuprorelin: Leuprorelin (also leuprolide) is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH/LHRH). It is an approved prescription medicine in several jurisdictions, including for advanced prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids and central precocious puberty. This page neutrally summarizes the evidence base and legal status and is not a usage or dosing recommendation. LL-37: LL-37 is the only known human cathelicidin, a 37-amino-acid antimicrobial peptide generated by cleavage of the precursor protein hCAP18. In research it plays a central role in innate immune defence and wound healing, yet acts in a context-dependent manner as both anti- and pro-inflammatory and has been linked to autoimmune processes. LL-37 is not an approved drug; the evidence base is predominantly basic and preclinical. This page contrasts both neutrally and source-based — with no usage or dosing recommendation.
- Which peptide is better supported by science, Leuprorelin or LL-37?
- The highest available evidence level is "Human RCT" for Leuprorelin and "Human trial" for LL-37. A higher evidence level means more robust data, but says nothing about suitability for an individual. The full body of evidence is on each peptide's own page.
- What is the legal status of Leuprorelin and LL-37 in Germany and the United States?
- Germany: Leuprorelin — Prescription, LL-37 — Research only. United States: Leuprorelin — Prescription, LL-37 — Research only. These are factual summaries with source and review date on the individual pages.