Comparison
LL-37 vs. Teriparatid
Two peptides side-by-side — identity, evidence base, legal status and known adverse events.
Identity
Category
Research other
Research other
CAS no.
597562-32-8
52232-67-4
Molecular weight
4493.33 g/mol
4117.8 g/mol
Half-life
no data
1 h
Sequence
LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTESSer-Val-Ser-Glu-Ile-Gln-Leu-Met-His-Asn-Leu-Gly-Lys-His-Leu-Asn-Ser-Met-Glu-Arg-Val-Glu-Trp-Leu-Arg-Lys-Lys-Leu-Gln-Asp-Val-His-Asn-PheMechanism of action
LL-37
LL-37 is a cationic, amphipathic helical peptide and the only member of the cathelicidin family in humans. It is generated by proteolytic cleavage from the C-terminal portion of the precursor protein hCAP18 (CAP-18). Mechanistically it associates with and can permeabilize microbial membranes; in addition it modulates immune cells, influences cytokine release, exerts chemotactic activity, and can bind extracellular self-DNA. Preclinical models have described both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects, depending on concentration and tissue context.
Teriparatid
Teriparatide corresponds to the biologically active first 34 amino acids of human parathyroid hormone and binds the PTH-1 receptor on bone and kidney cells. The literature describes that intermittent receptor activation preferentially stimulates the activity of bone-forming osteoblasts, whereas continuously elevated PTH exposure (as in hyperparathyroidism) tends to favor bone resorption. This time-dependent difference is regarded as the mechanistic basis for the bone-anabolic effect observed in studies.
Evidence base
Highest evidence
Human trial
Human RCT
Studies
4
4
of which in humans
1
4
Effects recorded
4
3
Open conflicts
1
1
Documented adverse events
0
2
Legal status
Full entries
Frequently asked questions
- What is the difference between LL-37 and Teriparatid?
- LL-37 is classified as "Research other", while Teriparatid is classified as "Research other". LL-37: LL-37 is the only known human cathelicidin, a 37-amino-acid antimicrobial peptide generated by cleavage of the precursor protein hCAP18. In research it plays a central role in innate immune defence and wound healing, yet acts in a context-dependent manner as both anti- and pro-inflammatory and has been linked to autoimmune processes. LL-37 is not an approved drug; the evidence base is predominantly basic and preclinical. Teriparatid: Teriparatide is the recombinant N-terminal fragment 1-34 of human parathyroid hormone (PTH). It is regulatory-approved and studied in the scientific literature as a bone-anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. Unlike antiresorptive agents, studies attribute to it an effect that stimulates new bone formation. This page contrasts both neutrally and source-based — with no usage or dosing recommendation.
- Which peptide is better supported by science, LL-37 or Teriparatid?
- The highest available evidence level is "Human trial" for LL-37 and "Human RCT" for Teriparatid. A higher evidence level means more robust data, but says nothing about suitability for an individual. The full body of evidence is on each peptide's own page.
- What is the legal status of LL-37 and Teriparatid in Germany and the United States?
- Germany: LL-37 — Research only, Teriparatid — Prescription. United States: LL-37 — Research only, Teriparatid — Prescription. These are factual summaries with source and review date on the individual pages.