Comparison
Enfuvirtid vs. LL-37
Two peptides side-by-side — identity, evidence base, legal status and known adverse events.
Identity
Category
Research other
Research other
CAS no.
159519-65-0
597562-32-8
Molecular weight
4491.88 g/mol
4493.33 g/mol
Half-life
no data
no data
Sequence
no data
LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTESMechanism of action
Enfuvirtid
Enfuvirtide binds the first heptad-repeat region (HR1) of the gp41 subunit of the HIV envelope protein. This prevents the conformational change required for fusion of the viral and cell membranes — the virus cannot enter the cell.
LL-37
LL-37 is a cationic, amphipathic helical peptide and the only member of the cathelicidin family in humans. It is generated by proteolytic cleavage from the C-terminal portion of the precursor protein hCAP18 (CAP-18). Mechanistically it associates with and can permeabilize microbial membranes; in addition it modulates immune cells, influences cytokine release, exerts chemotactic activity, and can bind extracellular self-DNA. Preclinical models have described both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects, depending on concentration and tissue context.
Evidence base
Highest evidence
Human RCT
Human trial
Studies
1
4
of which in humans
1
1
Effects recorded
2
4
Open conflicts
0
1
Documented adverse events
1
0
Legal status
Full entries
Frequently asked questions
- What is the difference between Enfuvirtid and LL-37?
- Enfuvirtid is classified as "Research other", while LL-37 is classified as "Research other". Enfuvirtid: Enfuvirtide is a synthetic 36-amino-acid peptide and the first HIV-1 fusion inhibitor. It binds the HR1 region of the viral envelope protein gp41, blocking viral entry into the cell. Approved for treatment-experienced HIV patients. LL-37: LL-37 is the only known human cathelicidin, a 37-amino-acid antimicrobial peptide generated by cleavage of the precursor protein hCAP18. In research it plays a central role in innate immune defence and wound healing, yet acts in a context-dependent manner as both anti- and pro-inflammatory and has been linked to autoimmune processes. LL-37 is not an approved drug; the evidence base is predominantly basic and preclinical. This page contrasts both neutrally and source-based — with no usage or dosing recommendation.
- Which peptide is better supported by science, Enfuvirtid or LL-37?
- The highest available evidence level is "Human RCT" for Enfuvirtid and "Human trial" for LL-37. A higher evidence level means more robust data, but says nothing about suitability for an individual. The full body of evidence is on each peptide's own page.
- What is the legal status of Enfuvirtid and LL-37 in Germany and the United States?
- Germany: Enfuvirtid — Prescription, LL-37 — Research only. United States: Enfuvirtid — Prescription, LL-37 — Research only. These are factual summaries with source and review date on the individual pages.