Comparison
Gonadorelin vs. LL-37
Two peptides side-by-side — identity, evidence base, legal status and known adverse events.
Identity
Category
Research other
Research other
CAS no.
33515-09-2
597562-32-8
Molecular weight
1182.29 g/mol
4493.33 g/mol
Half-life
0.1 h
no data
Sequence
pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTESMechanism of action
Gonadorelin
Gonadorelin acts as an agonist at the GnRH receptor on the gonadotroph cells of the pituitary and triggers release of the gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The temporal pattern of receptor exposure is decisive: pulsatile administration mimics the natural hypothalamic secretory rhythm and sustains LH/FSH release, whereas continuous exposure leads to receptor internalisation and desensitisation with subsequent paradoxical suppression of gonadotropins. The latter principle is exploited therapeutically by longer-acting GnRH agonists.
LL-37
LL-37 is a cationic, amphipathic helical peptide and the only member of the cathelicidin family in humans. It is generated by proteolytic cleavage from the C-terminal portion of the precursor protein hCAP18 (CAP-18). Mechanistically it associates with and can permeabilize microbial membranes; in addition it modulates immune cells, influences cytokine release, exerts chemotactic activity, and can bind extracellular self-DNA. Preclinical models have described both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects, depending on concentration and tissue context.
Evidence base
Highest evidence
Human trial
Human trial
Studies
4
4
of which in humans
4
1
Effects recorded
4
4
Open conflicts
1
1
Documented adverse events
2
0
Legal status
Full entries
Frequently asked questions
- What is the difference between Gonadorelin and LL-37?
- Gonadorelin is classified as "Research other", while LL-37 is classified as "Research other". Gonadorelin: Gonadorelin is the synthetic decapeptide with an amino-acid sequence identical to endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH/LHRH). Historically approved in several countries for diagnostic testing of pituitary function and for fertility indications (pump systems). A defining feature is the opposite effect of pulsatile versus continuous administration: pulsatile stimulates, continuous leads to receptor desensitisation. LL-37: LL-37 is the only known human cathelicidin, a 37-amino-acid antimicrobial peptide generated by cleavage of the precursor protein hCAP18. In research it plays a central role in innate immune defence and wound healing, yet acts in a context-dependent manner as both anti- and pro-inflammatory and has been linked to autoimmune processes. LL-37 is not an approved drug; the evidence base is predominantly basic and preclinical. This page contrasts both neutrally and source-based — with no usage or dosing recommendation.
- Which peptide is better supported by science, Gonadorelin or LL-37?
- The highest available evidence level is "Human trial" for Gonadorelin and "Human trial" for LL-37. A higher evidence level means more robust data, but says nothing about suitability for an individual. The full body of evidence is on each peptide's own page.
- What is the legal status of Gonadorelin and LL-37 in Germany and the United States?
- Germany: Gonadorelin — Prescription, LL-37 — Research only. United States: Gonadorelin — Prescription, LL-37 — Research only. These are factual summaries with source and review date on the individual pages.