Type-2 diabetes
Chronic metabolic disease with impaired insulin sensitivity and secretion. Key parameter is HbA1c. GLP-1 agonists have robust evidence in this area from large phase-3 RCTs.
Peptides on this topic
9 peptides researched for this topicSynthetic long-acting amylin analog being developed in combination with semaglutide (CagriSema). Phase 3 trials for obesity and type 2 diabetes are ongoing. No marketing approval yet.
- Human RCTAdditional weight reduction in combination with semaglutide 2.4 mg versus semaglutide monotherapy observed in the phase-2 CagriSema trial
GLP-1 receptor agonist designed as a fusion protein of two modified GLP-1(7-37) sequences covalently linked to a human IgG4-Fc fragment. FDA-approved 2014 (Trulicity) for type 2 diabetes; EMA approval 2014.
- Human RCTHbA1c reduction versus placebo, sitagliptin, exenatide and insulin glargine documented in the AWARD trial series
Synthetic version of exendin-4, originally isolated from the saliva of the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum). First GLP-1 receptor agonist, FDA-approved 2005 as Byetta. Weekly depot form Bydureon approved 2012.
- Human RCTHbA1c reduction versus placebo in type 2 diabetes over 30 weeks documented in the AMIGO trials
GLP-1 receptor agonist with a half-life of about 13 hours. The first daily (not weekly) modern GLP-1 RA — approved as Victoza for type 2 diabetes (2010) and Saxenda for obesity (2014).
- Human RCTReduction in cardiovascular events (MACE) in type-2-diabetes patients at high CV risk over 3.8 years
Synthetic exendin-4 analog with a C-terminal lysine extension. Prandial GLP-1 RA focused on postprandial glucose. FDA-approved 2016 as Adlyxin; EMA-approved 2013 as Lyxumia. Sanofi discontinued US distribution in 2023.
- Human RCTReduction of postprandial glucose stronger than with weekly GLP-1 RAs documented across several GetGoal trials
Synthetic triagonist peptide that simultaneously activates the GLP-1, GIP and glucagon receptors. Developed by Eli Lilly; in phase-3 trials for obesity (TRIUMPH programme) and type 2 diabetes. No marketing approval yet.
- Human RCTWeight reduction over 48 weeks observed in the phase-2 obesity trial — at the highest dose greater than documented for other incretin-based therapies
Long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist. Approved as a medicinal product for type-2 diabetes (Ozempic, Rybelsus), chronic weight management (Wegovy) and cardiovascular risk in obesity. One of the best-studied substances on this platform — many large human RCTs.
- Human RCTReduction of HbA1c in type-2 diabetes
- Human RCTWeight reduction in overweight and obesity
Synthetic peptide that simultaneously activates the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. Developed by Boehringer Ingelheim and Zealand Pharma; in phase-3 trials for obesity (SYNCHRONIZE) and MASH. No marketing approval yet.
- Human RCTWeight reduction over 46 weeks documented in a phase-2 obesity trial
Synthetic peptide that simultaneously activates the GLP-1 and GIP receptor (dual agonist). Approved in the US and EU for type 2 diabetes (Mounjaro) and obesity (Zepbound).
- Human RCTReduction in HbA1c versus placebo and versus semaglutide observed in randomised trials