Family
Исследования (прочее)
Other research peptides without a clear family assignment.
Substances studied in the literature without falling into one of the common application families. Often early-phase, heterogeneous data.
This overview is editorial. It describes the evidence base, not a usage recommendation.
Members
43 entries in this familyAbaloparatid
РКИ на людях4 studies · 4 observations
Abaloparatide is a synthetic analogue of the first 34 amino acids of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). Like parathyroid hormone and teriparatide it b…
Afamelanotide
РКИ на людях4 studies · 4 observations
Afamelanotide is a synthetic analogue of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. It differs from native α-MSH by two substitutions — norleucine at position 4 and D-ph…
Bremelanotide
РКИ на людях5 studies · 3 observations
Bremelanotide is a cyclic peptide that binds non-selectively to melanocortin receptors (MC1R through MC5R) — with highest affinity at MC4R in the central nervou…
Buserelin
РКИ на людях0 studies · 2 observations
Buserelin is a potent GnRH agonist: after an initial stimulatory surge ('flare'), continuous receptor occupancy causes downregulation and thereby suppression of…
Calcitonin (Lachs)
РКИ на людях4 studies · 4 observations
Salmon calcitonin binds the calcitonin receptor, which is particularly densely expressed on bone-resorbing osteoclasts. The literature describes that receptor a…
Carbetocin
РКИ на людях1 studies · 2 observations
Carbetocin is an oxytocin receptor agonist with prolonged duration. It triggers a sustained contraction of the uterus after birth, preventing atonic hemorrhage …
Cerebrolysin
РКИ на людях4 studies · 4 observations
Cerebrolysin is a mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides (predominantly below 10 kDa) and free amino acids obtained by enzymatic cleavage of lipid-free porcin…
Cetrorelix
РКИ на людях0 studies · 2 observations
Cetrorelix competitively and immediately blocks the pituitary GnRH receptor, rapidly suppressing LH and FSH release — without the initial hormone surge ('flare'…
Degarelix
РКИ на людях4 studies · 4 observations
Degarelix is a competitive GnRH receptor antagonist. It binds reversibly and immediately to the pituitary GnRH receptors and blocks their activation. This rapid…
Desmopressin
РКИ на людях4 studies · 4 observations
Desmopressin is a structurally modified analogue of the nine-residue peptide hormone vasopressin. Deamination at the N-terminus (1-deamino) and replacement of L…
DSIP
Исследование на людях4 studies · 3 observations
DSIP was described in 1977 by the Schoenenberger-Monnier group in Basel as a blood-borne substance reported to induce EEG changes similar to delta sleep in anim…
Elamipretide
РКИ на людях4 studies · 4 observations
Elamipretide is a cell-permeable tetrapeptide with alternating aromatic and basic residues that selectively concentrates on cardiolipin — a phospholipid found a…
Enfuvirtid
РКИ на людях1 studies · 2 observations
Enfuvirtide binds the first heptad-repeat region (HR1) of the gp41 subunit of the HIV envelope protein. This prevents the conformational change required for fus…
Epitalon
Исследование на людях4 studies · 4 observations
Postulated mechanisms include modulation of gene expression in pinealocytes, telomerase activation (observed in cell culture studies) and influence on melatonin…
FOXO4-DRI
Модель на животных3 studies · 3 observations
FOXO4-DRI is the D-retro-inverso variant of a peptide fragment of the FOXO4 transcription factor. In senescent cells, FOXO4 is bound to p53, which suppresses p5…
Ganirelix
РКИ на людях1 studies · 2 observations
Ganirelix competitively and reversibly binds the pituitary GnRH receptor, rapidly suppressing LH (and, less so, FSH) release — without the initial hormone 'flar…
Glepaglutide
РКИ на людях1 studies · 2 observations
As a GLP-2 receptor agonist, glepaglutide has a trophic effect on the intestinal mucosa, enlarging the absorptive surface and thereby improving intestinal uptak…
Gonadorelin
Исследование на людях4 studies · 4 observations
Gonadorelin acts as an agonist at the GnRH receptor on the gonadotroph cells of the pituitary and triggers release of the gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH)…
Goserelin
РКИ на людях4 studies · 3 observations
As a GnRH agonist, goserelin binds to the GnRH receptors of the pituitary gland. Initial stimulation transiently raises luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-st…
Histrelin
РКИ на людях0 studies · 2 observations
Continuous GnRH-agonist stimulation downregulates and desensitises the pituitary GnRH receptors — after the initial rise, LH, FSH and the sex hormones fall pers…
Humanin
Исследование на людях4 studies · 4 observations
Humanin arises from a short open reading frame within the 16S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome (MT-RNR2) — it is therefore not encoded by nuclear DNA. Me…
Icatibant
РКИ на людях1 studies · 1 observations
Icatibant competitively blocks the bradykinin B2 receptor. Because bradykinin mediates the vascular permeability, swelling and pain typical of hereditary angioe…
Kisspeptin-10
РКИ на людях4 studies · 4 observations
Kisspeptin-10 comprises the ten C-terminal amino acids sufficient for binding to the KISS1R receptor (also GPR54). KISS1R is a G-protein-coupled receptor expres…
Lanreotid
РКИ на людях1 studies · 2 observations
Lanreotide activates somatostatin receptors (chiefly SSTR2, additionally SSTR5), thereby suppressing the release of growth hormone, IGF-1 and various gastrointe…
Leuprorelin
РКИ на людях4 studies · 4 observations
Leuprorelin is a GnRH-receptor agonist. After binding to pituitary GnRH receptors, it first causes a transient surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-st…
Linaclotid
РКИ на людях0 studies · 2 observations
Linaclotide activates the guanylate cyclase-C receptor on the luminal surface of the intestinal epithelium. This raises cyclic GMP (cGMP), increases secretion o…
LL-37
Исследование на людях4 studies · 4 observations
LL-37 is a cationic, amphipathic helical peptide and the only member of the cathelicidin family in humans. It is generated by proteolytic cleavage from the C-te…
Melanotan II
Исследование на людях9 studies · 4 observations
Melanotan II binds non-selectively to all five melanocortin-receptor subtypes (MC1R-MC5R). Via MC1R in melanocytes, eumelanin synthesis is stimulated (pigmentin…
MOTS-c
Исследование на людях4 studies · 4 observations
MOTS-c arises from a short open reading frame located in the 12S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome — unlike most peptides it is therefore not encoded by n…
Nafarelin
РКИ на людях0 studies · 2 observations
Nafarelin is a potent GnRH agonist: after an initial stimulation ('flare'), continuous receptor occupancy leads to downregulation and thereby suppression of LH,…
Octreotide
РКИ на людях5 studies · 3 observations
Octreotide is a cyclic octapeptide that selectively binds somatostatin-receptor subtypes SSTR2 and SSTR5. Via G-protein-coupled signalling, adenylyl cyclase is …
Oxytocin
РКИ на людях4 studies · 3 observations
Oxytocin is synthesised in the hypothalamus and released via the posterior pituitary. Peripherally it binds the oxytocin receptor, a G-protein-coupled receptor,…
Pasireotid
РКИ на людях1 studies · 2 observations
Pasireotide binds more broadly than older somatostatin analogs (SSTR1/2/3/5) with particularly high affinity for SSTR5. This suppresses, among others, ACTH rele…
Plecanatid
РКИ на людях0 studies · 2 observations
Plecanatide is structurally analogous to the body's own uroguanylin and, like it, activates the GC-C receptor at the gut surface, raising cGMP and fluid secreti…
Sekretin
Исследование на людях0 studies · 2 observations
Secretin binds the Gs-coupled secretin receptor (SCTR) on pancreatic duct cells, opens CFTR chloride channels and triggers secretion of bicarbonate-rich pancrea…
Selank
Исследование на людях4 studies · 3 observations
Selank is a glyproline-tuftsin analog. Proposed mechanisms include modulation of the GABAergic system, effects on serotonin bioavailability, and influence on en…
Semax
Исследование на людях4 studies · 3 observations
Semax is a tetracosactide fragment analog without hormonal activity at MC2R. Proposed mechanisms include elevation of BDNF and NGF in hippocampus and striatum (…
Sincalide
Исследование на людях0 studies · 1 observations
Sincalide activates CCK receptors, triggering gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion. This effect is used diagnostically to measure the gallbla…
Teduglutid
РКИ на людях2 studies · 2 observations
Teduglutide activates the GLP-2 receptor, promoting growth and regeneration of small-intestinal villi, increasing nutrient and fluid absorption and thereby redu…
Teriparatid
РКИ на людях4 studies · 3 observations
Teriparatide corresponds to the biologically active first 34 amino acids of human parathyroid hormone and binds the PTH-1 receptor on bone and kidney cells. The…
Terlipressin
РКИ на людях1 studies · 2 observations
Terlipressin is slowly converted in the body to lysine-vasopressin by cleavage of the three N-terminal glycyl residues (reservoir effect) and activates V1 recep…
Triptorelin
РКИ на людях4 studies · 3 observations
Triptorelin binds with high affinity to the GnRH receptor in the pituitary. After initial stimulation of LH and FSH secretion (flare phase, about 1-2 weeks), re…
Vasopressin
РКИ на людях0 studies · 2 observations
Vasopressin binds V1 receptors (vasoconstriction, raising vascular resistance) and V2 receptors (renal water reabsorption via aquaporin channels). This raises b…