Family
Metabool
Peptides related to metabolism, glucose regulation or body weight.
Family covering metabolic modulation — structures derived from endogenous hormones or analogues thereof. Mechanisms of action are in part well described, but cross-species transfer varies considerably.
This overview is editorial. It describes the evidence base, not a usage recommendation.
Members
22 entries in this familyAmycretin
Humane RCT1 studies · 2 observations
Amycretin activates both the GLP-1 and the amylin receptor in a single molecule. Both pathways independently suppress appetite and food intake — the combination…
Cagrilintide
Humane RCT4 studies · 3 observations
Cagrilintide binds amylin receptors (AMY1, AMY3, formed by the calcitonin receptor plus RAMP proteins). Activation delays gastric emptying, inhibits postprandia…
CagriSema
Humane RCT1 studies · 2 observations
CagriSema combines two satiety pathways in one weekly injection: the amylin analogue cagrilintide and the GLP-1 agonist semaglutide. Both suppress appetite and …
Dulaglutide
Humane RCT5 studies · 3 observations
Dulaglutide consists of two modified GLP-1(7-37) sequences covalently linked to a human IgG4-Fc. The Fc fusion increases molecular weight substantially (~60 kDa…
Ecnoglutide
Humane RCT5 studies · 4 observations
Ecnoglutide is a modified GLP-1(7-37) peptide with an alanine-to-valine substitution at position 8 and an 18-C fatty-acid conjugation at the lysine-30 side chai…
Efinopegdutide
Humane RCT3 studies · 4 observations
Efinopegdutide is an oxyntomodulin-derived peptide acting as a dual agonist at the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors with a relative potency of approximately 2:1 (GL…
Eloralintide
Humane RCT2 studies · 2 observations
Eloralintide selectively activates amylin receptors (preferentially AMY1R) and promotes satiety. The approach targets weight loss via the amylin axis, complemen…
Exenatide
Humane RCT5 studies · 3 observations
Exenatide is a 39-amino-acid peptide with about 53% sequence homology to human GLP-1. A glycine substitution at position 2 prevents dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV clea…
Glucagon
Humane RCT4 studies · 4 observations
Glucagon is produced in the alpha cells of the pancreas (islets of Langerhans) and released when blood sugar is low. Glucagon binds the glucagon receptor (GCGR)…
Liraglutide
Humane RCT5 studies · 3 observations
Liraglutide is a synthetic GLP-1 analog with 97% sequence identity to human GLP-1. A fatty-acid side chain (C16) on Lys-26 reversibly binds serum albumin and pr…
Lixisenatide
Humane RCT5 studies · 3 observations
Lixisenatide is a 44-amino-acid peptide based on exendin-4 (see exenatide) with six additional lysine residues at the C-terminus. This modification increases st…
Maridebart Cafraglutide
Humane RCT1 studies · 2 observations
MariTide combines GLP-1 receptor agonism with GIP receptor antagonism in an antibody-peptide conjugate. Its long duration of action allows infrequent (monthly) …
Mazdutide
Humane RCT4 studies · 4 observations
Mazdutide is a dual agonist at the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors and is structurally derived from the gut hormone oxyntomodulin. The GLP-1 component mediates glu…
Pemvidutide
Humane studie1 studies · 2 observations
The GLP-1 component suppresses appetite while the glucagon component raises energy expenditure and acts directly on hepatic fat metabolism — the combination is …
Petrelintide
Humane RCT1 studies · 2 observations
As an amylin analogue, petrelintide acts through amylin receptors, promoting satiety and slowed gastric emptying — a satiety pathway independent of the GLP-1 ax…
Pramlintid
Humane RCT0 studies · 2 observations
Pramlintide mimics the beta-cell hormone amylin, which is co-secreted with insulin. It slows gastric emptying, suppresses postprandial glucagon release and prom…
Retatrutide
Humane RCT5 studies · 4 observations
Retatrutide is a 39-amino-acid peptide with agonism at three incretin/energy-balance receptors: GLP-1R (insulin secretion, satiety), GIPR (insulin sensitivity, …
Semaglutid
Humane RCT4 studies · 3 observations
Long-acting agonist at the GLP-1 receptor. Structurally a modified glucagon-like peptide 1 whose long half-life is achieved via a fatty-acid side chain and reve…
Setmelanotide
Humane RCT4 studies · 3 observations
Setmelanotide is an agonist at the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), a central receptor of the hypothalamic melanocortin pathway involved in the control of energy…
Survodutide
Humane RCT4 studies · 3 observations
Survodutide is a dual agonist at the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. The GLP-1 component mediates glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibition of glucagon secr…
Tirzepatide
Humane RCT4 studies · 4 observations
Tirzepatide is a 39-amino-acid peptide acting as a dual agonist at the GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) re…
VK2735
Humane RCT1 studies · 2 observations
VK2735 activates both the GLP-1 and the GIP receptor — a dual mechanism similar to that of tirzepatide, suppressing appetite and food intake.…