Peptiden A–Z
Alles wat je over peptiden moet weten — wetenschappelijk geduid.
Identiteit, werkingsmechanisme, bewijsbasis, juridische status, risico's, vergelijkingen — per peptide in één vermelding. Met zichtbaar bewijsniveau en bronnen onder elke uitspraak. Geen gebruiksaanbeveling.
87
Peptiden vastgelegd
274
Studies geaggregeerd
14
Landen met juridische status
Evidence distribution
263 observations
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Wat je hier vindt
Zes wegen door de wereld van peptiden
01
Identiteit
Profielen per peptide
Chemische identiteit, klasse, synoniemen, sequentie, molecuulgewicht — compact bovenaan elke vermelding.
02
Mechanisme
Hoe het biologisch werkt
Neutraal uitgelegd werkingsmechanisme, glossariumtermen automatisch gelinkt.
03
Studies
Bewijs transparant
Elke bewering met een zichtbaar bewijsniveau — van humane RCT tot anekdotisch. Filterbaar.
04
Juridische status
Land voor land
Goedgekeurd, onderzoek, beperking, verbod — met bron en datum.
05
Vergelijking
Twee peptiden naast elkaar
Identiteit, bewijs, juridische status, bijwerkingen — direct vergelijkbaar.
06
Glossarium
Vaktermen, helder uitgelegd
Beweeg over een term en de definitie verschijnt in de tekst.
Bewijsverdeling
Wat dit platform documenteert
Geaggregeerd over alle gecatalogiseerde peptiden. Elke gedocumenteerde observatie draagt haar zichtbare bewijsniveau — van humane RCT tot anekdotisch. Zwakkere niveaus blijven bewust zichtbaar.
263 gedocumenteerde observaties in totaal
Humane RCT113
43.0% · Alleen Humane RCT in het lexicon →
Humane studie82
31.2% · Alleen Humane studie in het lexicon →
Diermodel32
12.2% · Alleen Diermodel in het lexicon →
In vitro18
6.8% · Alleen In vitro in het lexicon →
Preklinisch6
2.3% · Alleen Preklinisch in het lexicon →
Anekdotisch5
1.9% · Alleen Anekdotisch in het lexicon →
Theoretisch7
2.7% · Alleen Theoretisch in het lexicon →
Bewezen successen
Wat het onderzoek positief aantoont
Niet alles is hype — deze effecten zijn aangetoond in gecontroleerde studies. De sterkste bevindingen, neutraal gerapporteerd en gelinkt.
Semaglutide
−20% ernstige cardiovasculaire voorvallen
SELECT · humane RCT
Tirzepatide
meer dan −20% lichaamsgewicht
SURMOUNT · humane RCT
Efinopegdutide
−72,7% leververvet (vs. −42% met semaglutide)
fase 2-RCT
Tesamorelin
−15% visceraal buikvet
fase 3-RCT
Lanreotide
verlengde progressievrije overleving (NET)
CLARINET · humane RCT
GHK-Cu
collageenstimulatie bij 70% van de vrijwilligers — meer dan vitamine C/retinoïnezuur
humane studie · topisch
Updates
Onlangs herzien
De vijf meest recent bijgewerkte peptidevermeldingen. Volledige geschiedenis in de RSS-feed.
Families
Per toepassingsgebied
In beeld
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 5 studies
Bremelanotide
Synthetic cyclic heptapeptide acting as a non-selective melanocortin-receptor agonist. FDA-approved in 2019 as Vyleesi for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in pre-menopausal women..
Vermelding openen →Quick facts
CAS189691-06-3
SequenceAc-Nle-c[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-OH
MW1025.18 g/mol
t½2.7 h
Effects3
Conflicts1
Vermeldingenregister
Alle gecatalogiseerde peptiden
Abaloparatid
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 3960.6 g/mol · t½ 1.7h
Abaloparatide is a synthetic 34-amino-acid analogue of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP 1-34). It is regulatory-approved and studi…
Afamelanotide
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1646.87 g/mol · t½ 12h
Afamelanotide (brand name Scenesse) is a synthetic 13-amino-acid analogue of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and a melanocortin-1 r…
Amycretin
Humane RCTMetabool
Amycretin is a unimolecular GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist from Novo Nordisk — in development both as a once-weekly subcutaneous and a on…
AOD-9604
Humane RCTGroei · 1815.09 g/mol · t½ 0.4h
Synthetic 16-amino-acid peptide corresponding to the C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone (hGH 176-191). Originally developed by Meta…
Argireline
Humane studieCosmetisch · 888.99 g/mol
Synthetic hexapeptide marketed as a topical anti-wrinkle ingredient (e.g. by Lipotec/Lubrizol). Mechanism modelled on the SNAP-25-blocking a…
BPC-157
DiermodelGenezing · 1419.5 g/mol · t½ 4h
Synthetic pentadecapeptide (15 amino acids) derived from a sequence of a gastric-juice protein. Studied predominantly in animal models on he…
Bremelanotide
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1025.18 g/mol · t½ 2.7h
Synthetic cyclic heptapeptide acting as a non-selective melanocortin-receptor agonist. FDA-approved in 2019 as Vyleesi for hypoactive sexual…
Buserelin
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1239.42 g/mol
Buserelin is a synthetic GnRH agonist (including as a nasal spray). It is used in endometriosis, hormone-dependent prostate cancer and assis…
Cagrilintide
Humane RCTMetabool · 4253.7 g/mol · t½ 168h
Synthetic long-acting amylin analog being developed in combination with semaglutide (CagriSema). Phase 3 trials for obesity and type 2 diabe…
CagriSema
Humane RCTMetabool
CagriSema is a fixed-dose combination of the amylin analogue cagrilintide and the GLP-1 agonist semaglutide (Novo Nordisk), in late-stage de…
Calcitonin (Lachs)
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 3431.85 g/mol · t½ 1h
Salmon calcitonin is a synthetically produced 32-amino-acid peptide hormone that corresponds to the body's own calcitonin but exhibits highe…
Carbetocin
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · t½ 0.67h
Carbetocin is a long-acting synthetic oxytocin analog (half-life ~40 minutes). It prevents postpartum hemorrhage as a single injection. Appr…
Cerebrolysin
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig)
Cerebrolysin (FPF-1070) is not a single peptide but a porcine-brain-derived preparation of low-molecular-weight peptides and free amino acid…
Cetrorelix
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1431.06 g/mol
Cetrorelix is a synthetic decapeptide and GnRH antagonist. It is used in assisted reproduction (IVF) to prevent a premature LH surge during …
CJC-1295
Humane studieGroei · 3647.3 g/mol · t½ 144h
Long-acting synthetic GHRH analogue modified for albumin binding (DAC). Stimulates endogenous growth-hormone release. Pharmacodynamic effect…
Degarelix
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1632.3 g/mol · t½ 1320h
Degarelix (trade name Firmagon) is a synthetic decapeptide and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist. Unlike GnRH agon…
Desmopressin
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1069.2 g/mol · t½ 3h
Desmopressin (DDAVP) is a synthetic analogue of the endogenous hormone vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH). Deamination of the first ami…
DSIP
Humane studieOnderzoek (overig) · 848.81 g/mol · t½ 0.1h
Synthetic nonapeptide isolated in 1977 by Guido Monnier and Marcel Schoenenberger from the blood of rabbits in delta sleep. Despite the name…
Dulaglutide
Humane RCTMetabool · 59670 g/mol · t½ 110h
GLP-1 receptor agonist designed as a fusion protein of two modified GLP-1(7-37) sequences covalently linked to a human IgG4-Fc fragment. FDA…
Ecnoglutide
Humane RCTMetabool · t½ 144h
Ecnoglutide (XW003) is a long-acting, cAMP-signalling-biased GLP-1 analogue from Sciwind Biosciences. Derived from GLP-1(7-37) with an alani…
Efinopegdutide
Humane RCTMetabool · t½ 115h
Efinopegdutide (MK-6024, formerly JNJ-64565111 / HM12525A) is a once-weekly dual agonist at the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors, developed by H…
Elamipretide
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 639.8 g/mol
Elamipretide (SS-31, MTP-131, formerly Bendavia) is a synthetic, mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide (sequence D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) that b…
Eloralintide
Humane RCTMetabool
Eloralintide is a selective, long-acting amylin receptor agonist from Eli Lilly for once-weekly subcutaneous use — under investigation for o…
Enfuvirtid
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 4491.88 g/mol
Enfuvirtide is a synthetic 36-amino-acid peptide and the first HIV-1 fusion inhibitor. It binds the HR1 region of the viral envelope protein…
Epitalon
Humane studieOnderzoek (overig) · 390.35 g/mol · t½ 0.3h
Synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) derived from the pineal extract epithalamin (V. Khavinson, St. Petersburg). Investigated in the Rus…
Exenatide
Humane RCTMetabool · 4186.6 g/mol · t½ 2.4h
Synthetic version of exendin-4, originally isolated from the saliva of the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum). First GLP-1 receptor agonist,…
Follistatin (FST)
Humane studieGroei · 35000 g/mol
Follistatin is an endogenous glycosylated binding protein (~35 kDa, considerably larger than typical peptides) that binds and neutralises me…
FOXO4-DRI
DiermodelOnderzoek (overig) · 3735 g/mol · t½ 0.5h
Synthetic peptide with D-Retro-Inverso structure (all amino acids as D-form, sequence reversed), developed in 2017 as an experimental senoly…
Ganirelix
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1570.3 g/mol
Ganirelix is a synthetic decapeptide and GnRH antagonist. In assisted reproduction (IVF) it prevents the premature LH surge during controlle…
GHK-Cu
Humane studieCosmetisch · 340.4 g/mol
Endogenous tripeptide (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) that chelates copper(II) ions. Studied in skin models and small human trials on collagen …
GHRP-2
Humane studieGroei · 817.93 g/mol · t½ 0.5h
Synthetic hexapeptide of the GH secretagogue family. Approved in Japan as GHRP Kaken as a diagnostic test for GH deficiency. Not available a…
GHRP-6
Humane studieGroei · 873.02 g/mol · t½ 0.4h
Synthetic hexapeptide that founded the class of growth-hormone-releasing peptides (GHRPs). Cyril Bowers identified GHRP-6 in the late 1970s …
Glepaglutide
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig)
Glepaglutide is a long-acting GLP-2 analogue (Zealand Pharma) intended to reduce the need for parenteral support in short bowel syndrome.…
Glucagon
Humane RCTMetabool · 3483 g/mol · t½ 0.13h
Glucagon is a 29-amino-acid pancreatic hormone produced by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans. It is the physiological counterpart …
Gonadorelin
Humane studieOnderzoek (overig) · 1182.29 g/mol · t½ 0.1h
Gonadorelin is the synthetic decapeptide with an amino-acid sequence identical to endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH/LHRH). His…
Goserelin
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1269.43 g/mol · t½ 4.2h
Goserelin is a synthetic decapeptide and an agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). The medical literature describes it as a hormo…
Hexarelin
Humane studieGroei · 887.05 g/mol · t½ 0.9h
Synthetic hexapeptide of the growth-hormone secretagogue (GHRP) family. In the 1990s investigated as an acromegaly diagnostic and for GH def…
Histrelin
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1323.52 g/mol
Histrelin is a nonapeptide GnRH agonist delivered as a once-yearly implant. Approved for central precocious puberty in children (Supprelin L…
Humanin
Humane studieOnderzoek (overig) · 2687.27 g/mol
Humanin is a 24-amino-acid mitochondrial-encoded peptide (mitochondrial-derived peptide, MDP) whose open reading frame lies within the 16S r…
Icatibant
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1304.52 g/mol
Icatibant is a synthetic decapeptide and selective antagonist of the bradykinin B2 receptor. It is approved to treat acute attacks of heredi…
IGF-1 LR3
DiermodelGroei · 9117.6 g/mol · t½ 21h
Synthetic analogue of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) carrying an arginine substitution at position 3 and a 13-amino-acid N-terminal ex…
Ipamorelin
Humane RCTGroei · 711.86 g/mol · t½ 2h
Synthetic pentapeptide and selective growth-hormone secretagogue. Developed at Novo Nordisk in the 1990s as a pentapeptide GHRP successor; c…
Kisspeptin-10
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1302.44 g/mol · t½ 0.07h
Kisspeptin-10 is the shortest bioactive fragment (10 amino acids) of the endogenous neuropeptide kisspeptin, encoded by the KISS1 gene. It a…
KPV
DiermodelGenezing · 342.4 g/mol
KPV is the C-terminal tripeptide (lysine-proline-valine) of the hormone α-MSH, corresponding to its positions 11–13. In cell and rodent mode…
Lanreotid
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1096.34 g/mol
Lanreotide is a synthetic cyclic octapeptide analog of somatostatin. It binds preferentially to the somatostatin receptors SSTR2 and SSTR5 a…
Leuprorelin
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1209.4 g/mol · t½ 3h
Leuprorelin (also leuprolide) is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH/LHRH). It is an approved prescript…
Linaclotid
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1526.74 g/mol
Linaclotide is a 14-amino-acid peptide and guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) agonist. It is approved for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation…
Liraglutide
Humane RCTMetabool · 3751 g/mol · t½ 13h
GLP-1 receptor agonist with a half-life of about 13 hours. The first daily (not weekly) modern GLP-1 RA — approved as Victoza for type 2 dia…
Lixisenatide
Humane RCTMetabool · 4858.5 g/mol · t½ 3h
Synthetic exendin-4 analog with a C-terminal lysine extension. Prandial GLP-1 RA focused on postprandial glucose. FDA-approved 2016 as Adlyx…
LL-37
Humane studieOnderzoek (overig) · 4493.33 g/mol
LL-37 is the only known human cathelicidin, a 37-amino-acid antimicrobial peptide generated by cleavage of the precursor protein hCAP18. In …
Maridebart Cafraglutide
Humane RCTMetabool
Maridebart cafraglutide (MariTide, Amgen) is a bispecific molecule: a GLP-1 receptor agonist combined with a GIP receptor antagonist, design…
Matrixyl
Humane RCTCosmetisch · 802.06 g/mol
Synthetic pentapeptide (KTTKS) with a palmitoyl modification, marketed as a topical anti-aging ingredient (Lipotec/Sederma). Structurally de…
Mazdutide
Humane RCTMetabool · 4790 g/mol · t½ 132h
Synthetic oxyntomodulin analogue that simultaneously activates the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors (dual agonist). Developed by Innovent Biolog…
Melanotan II
Humane studieOnderzoek (overig) · 1024.18 g/mol · t½ 1h
Cyclic hepta-peptide and non-selective melanocortin-receptor agonist. Originally researched at the University of Arizona as a sun-protection…
MGF (Mechano Growth Factor)
DiermodelGroei · 2867.2 g/mol · t½ 0.1h
Synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal E-domain of the IGF-1 splice variant IGF-1Ec. Described in preclinical studies as a 'mecha…
Mod GRF (1-29)
Humane studieGroei · 3367.9 g/mol · t½ 0.5h
Tetrasubstituted synthetic analogue of GHRH(1-29), traded on the grey market as "CJC-1295 without DAC". Closely related to sermorelin (GHRH …
MOTS-c
Humane studieOnderzoek (overig) · 2174.61 g/mol
MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-encoded peptide (mitochondrial-derived peptide, MDP) whose open reading frame lies within the 12S rR…
Nafarelin
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig)
Nafarelin is a GnRH agonist and the only member of this class delivered as a nasal spray. It is approved for treating endometriosis and cent…
Octreotide
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1019.24 g/mol · t½ 1.7h
Synthetic octapeptide somatostatin analog with a longer half-life than endogenous somatostatin. FDA- and EMA-approved since the 1980s for ac…
Oxytocin
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1007.19 g/mol · t½ 0.05h
Oxytocin is an endogenous nonapeptide hormone of the posterior pituitary. In synthetic form (Pitocin, Syntocinon) it has been approved for d…
Pasireotid
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1047.21 g/mol
Pasireotide is a multireceptor somatostatin analog binding to four of the five somatostatin receptors (especially SSTR5). It is approved for…
Pemvidutide
Humane studieMetabool
Pemvidutide is a 29-amino-acid GLP-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist (Altimmune) under investigation for obesity and the fatty-liver disease …
Petrelintide
Humane RCTMetabool
Petrelintide is a long-acting amylin analogue (Zealand Pharma, with Roche) for once-weekly subcutaneous use — developed for weight managemen…
Plecanatid
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1682 g/mol
Plecanatide is a 16-amino-acid analog of the body's own uroguanylin and a guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) agonist. It is approved for chronic idi…
Pramlintid
Humane RCTMetabool · 3949.4 g/mol
Pramlintide is a synthetic analog of the hormone amylin. It is used as an adjunct to mealtime insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes …
Retatrutide
Humane RCTMetabool · 4731.6 g/mol · t½ 144h
Synthetic triagonist peptide that simultaneously activates the GLP-1, GIP and glucagon receptors. Developed by Eli Lilly; in phase-3 trials …
Sekretin
Humane studieOnderzoek (overig) · 3055.5 g/mol
Secretin is a 27-amino-acid hormone that regulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion. As ChiRhoStim it is FDA-approved as a diagnostic agent …
Selank
Humane studieOnderzoek (overig) · 751.85 g/mol · t½ 0.3h
Synthetic heptapeptide derived from natural tuftsin. Approved as an anxiolytic (Selank) in Russia and some CIS states. Western phase-3 trial…
Semaglutid
Humane RCTMetabool · 4113.6 g/mol · t½ 165h
Long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist. Approved as a medicinal product for type-2 diabetes (Ozempic, Rybelsus), chronic weight management (Wego…
Semax
Humane studieOnderzoek (overig) · 813.92 g/mol · t½ 0.3h
Synthetic heptapeptide derived from the N-terminal fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH 4-10). Approved in Russia for ischaemic str…
Sermorelin
Humane RCTGroei · 3358 g/mol · t½ 0.2h
Synthetic analogue of the first 29 amino acids of human GHRH. Stimulates pulsatile growth-hormone secretion from the pituitary. Formerly FDA…
Setmelanotide
Humane RCTMetabool · 1117.32 g/mol · t½ 11h
Setmelanotide (brand name Imcivree) is a synthetic cyclic octapeptide and an agonist at the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R). It was developed…
Sincalide
Humane studieOnderzoek (overig) · 1143.29 g/mol
Sincalide is the synthetic C-terminal octapeptide of the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK-8). As Kinevac it is FDA-approved to stimulate gallbla…
SNAP-8
Humane studieCosmetisch · 1075.16 g/mol
Synthetic octapeptide marketed as a topical anti-wrinkle ingredient (Centerchem/Lipotec). Structurally related to Argireline (Acetyl Hexapep…
Survodutide
Humane RCTMetabool · 4727 g/mol · t½ 168h
Synthetic peptide that simultaneously activates the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. Developed by Boehringer Ingelheim and Zealand Pharma; in p…
TB-500
DiermodelGenezing · 888 g/mol
Synthetic fragment of the endogenous protein Thymosin Beta-4, specifically the actin-binding sequence. Preclinical models investigate effect…
Teduglutid
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 3752.13 g/mol
Teduglutide is a DPP-4-resistant analog of GLP-2 (glucagon-like peptide-2). It promotes growth and function of the intestinal mucosa and is …
Teriparatid
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 4117.8 g/mol · t½ 1h
Teriparatide is the recombinant N-terminal fragment 1-34 of human parathyroid hormone (PTH). It is regulatory-approved and studied in the sc…
Terlipressin
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1227.37 g/mol
Terlipressin is a 12-amino-acid vasopressin analog and prodrug of lysine-vasopressin. As a V1 receptor agonist it is vasoconstrictive and is…
Tesamorelin
Humane RCTGroei · 5135.83 g/mol · t½ 0.4h
Stabilised GHRH analog (growth-hormone-releasing hormone). FDA-approved in 2010 as Egrifta for reduction of abdominal lipohypertrophy in HIV…
Thymalin
Humane studieGenezing · 1000 g/mol · t½ 0.5h
Complex of low-molecular polypeptides extracted from calf thymus. Approved in Russia since the 1970s as an immunomodulator. The exact compos…
Thymosin Alpha-1
Humane RCTGenezing · 3108.32 g/mol · t½ 2h
Synthetic 28-amino-acid peptide identical to a naturally occurring thymus peptide. Approved as Zadaxin in more than 30 countries (not US/EU)…
Thymosin Beta-4
Humane studieGenezing · 4921 g/mol
Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4) is an endogenous 43-amino-acid peptide regarded as the principal intracellular actin-sequestering factor, involved in …
Tirzepatide
Humane RCTMetabool · 4813 g/mol · t½ 116h
Synthetic peptide that simultaneously activates the GLP-1 and GIP receptor (dual agonist). Approved in the US and EU for type 2 diabetes (Mo…
Triptorelin
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1311.45 g/mol · t½ 3h
Synthetic decapeptide GnRH agonist with increased affinity over native gonadotropin-releasing hormone. FDA- and EMA-approved since the 1980s…
Vasopressin
Humane RCTOnderzoek (overig) · 1084.23 g/mol
Vasopressin (arginine vasopressin, antidiuretic hormone/ADH) is a cyclic nonapeptide hormone that regulates water balance and vascular tone.…
VK2735
Humane RCTMetabool
VK2735 is a dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist from Viking Therapeutics, in development in both subcutaneous and oral forms for obesity.…
Methode
Hoe we werken
We aggregeren gegevens uit PubMed, Europe PMC, PubChem en publicaties van toezichthouders. Elke samenvatting is in onze eigen woorden geschreven, met onze eigen synthese — geen gekopieerde tekst. Voor elke build scant een compliance-bewaker de inhoud op een lijst met verboden zinsneden.
Volledige methode →PubMed / Europe PMC
Study aggregation
PubChem / ChEMBL
Chemical identifiers
FDA / EMA / TGA
Country-specific legal status
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